Turbaning of Barden Ayagi

On Thursday 5/11/2020 corresponding to 19 Rabiuil Awwal 1442, His Highness the Sarkin Ayagi Alhaji Abdulkadir Salihu Inuwa Ayagi led the Turbaning ceremony of Comrade Auwal Zakari Ayagi as Barden Ayagi and four others.

The event was attended by prominent figures including the Deputy National President of Medical and Health Workers’ Union of Nigeria MHWUN, and also State Chairman Nigerian Labour Congress Kano State Branch Comrade (Dr.) Kabiru Ado Minjibir, Air Vice Marshal Ibrahim Umar, the Waziri of Ayagi Alhaji Abdallah Ayagi, the Wambai of Ayagi and Senior Member of the Emirate Council, Alh. Abdurashid Baba Ayagi, the Sarkin Sharifan Ayagi and all other Emirate Heads, Senior Government Officials and Senior Businessmen from Ayagi and other parts of Kano State.

The Chairman of the Kano State Labour Union and ABM Ibrahim Umar presented the certificates of appointment to the new titles.

In his speech, the Sarkin Ayagi urged the appointees to be committed to bringing development to the Emirate, while urging them to bring peace to the Ayagi Emirate and Dala Local Government Area and the country as a whole.

Comrade Auwal Zakari Ayagi  (Barden Ayagi) also National President of Al'azmiyyah Islamic Foundation Kano State, thanked the Sarkin Ayagi for the Turbanning and promised to be committed to protecting the Emirate and taking it forward.

Koyon Kwamfuta A Saukake Cikin Harshen Hausa

KOYON KWAMFUTA A SAUKAKE

Rubutawa

Auwal Zakari Ayagi

(Barden Ayagi)

2025

Copyright (C) Auwal Zakari Ayagi

E-Mail: auwalzakari@gmail.com

GSM: 07038775781

First Publish       May 2025

OMPUTER WRITEN

Al’Azmiyyah Ventures: No. 313 Al’Mustapha House Kadawa Western Bypass opp. Global Plus High School Adjacent to Gwarzo Road Kano.

E-mail: alazmiyyah@gmail.com

www.sautulazimiyya.blogspot.co.uk/

GSM:  07038775781, 08023615685

TA’ALIKI

Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim

Wa Sallallahu Alan Nabiyyil Karim

Godiya ga Madaukakin Sarkin da ya yi wani zamani, da ko wasika ka rubuta sai ta salance a hanya, tsakanin doki da doki (Kar-ta-kwana), ko jirgi da jirgi, tsahon kwana da kwanaki ko wata da watanni kafin ta karasa. A zamaninmu na yau kuwa, kere-keren fasahohi sun samar da abubuwan da tunani da zato ba su yi tunanin za a samar da su ba.

Kwamfuta daya ce daga fasahohin da duk mai son more kasantuwarsa a wannan zamanin, sai ya yi ta'ammuli da ita. Sama da shekaru 20 baya, na yi ta fafutuka da rara-gefen sanin muhimman batutuwa game da ita, amma yau ga shi a hannuna littafi ne cikin Hausa, da tsari mai kyau, ga hotuna rangadadau, wanda ya saukaka ilimin Kwamfuta, tun daga kunnata, da ta'ammuli da manhajojin Microsoft word, Excel, PowerPoint, Adobe Photoshop, Google slides, yadda za ka yi rubutu ka fitar, da ma yadda za ka kirkiri shafin website.

Tabbas littafin nan ya cancanci a mallake shi, domin a dinga koya wa dalibai ma a makarantu. Mai girma Barden Ayagi kuwa, Comrd. Auwalu Zakari Ayagi, wannan daya ne daga gudunmawowinsa ga al'umma, fatanmu ya addabemu kar ya bar mu mu huta da ganin sababbin litattafai, a fanninsa na kiwon lafiya, fasahar kere-kere, Artificial Intelligence (AI) da sauransu.

Allah ya saka masa da alheri.

Na gode

Binyamin Zakari Hamisu

(Abul-warakat Ayagi)

28/Zul-hijja, 1446 = 28/5/2025

GARGADI

Ba’a yarda wani ko wata ya yi amfani da wannan littafi ko wani sashen sa ta hanyar sake bugawa ba, ba tare da izinin marububucin littafin ba.

GABATARWA

Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim.

Wassalatu Wassalamu Ala-Ashraful Mursalin.

Na Rubuta wannan Littafi ne don saukakawa masu son koyo da sarrafa Na’ura Mai Kwakwalwa wato (Computer) cikin sauki, musamman yara kanana, duba da munzo wani zamani da aiki da Kwamfuta ya zama dole a cikin ayyukanmu na yau da kullum.

Don haka na samar da wannan littafi don ya zama wani jagora ga masu son koyon Kwamfutar, wanda in suka bishi daki-daki zasu koyi yadda za su sarrafa ta cikin sauki.

Dafatan Makarantu na yara, da na Ilimin Manya zasu yi amfani da shi wajen koyar da dalibansu, ta yanda za su iya aiki da ita kwamfutar a saukake.

Wassalamu Alaikum

Auwal Zakari Ayagi

(Barden Ayagi)

14/Zul-hijja, 1446=12/05/2025

MAHIMMAN ABUBUWAN DA YA KAMATA A KOYA

Yadda ake kunnawa da kashe computer

ü Amfani da keyboard da mouse

ü Yadda ake bude shirye-shirye kamar Microsoft Word

ü Yadda ake rubutu, ajiya (save), da buga takarda (print)

ü Yin amfani da intanet da browser (Chrome, Firefox, da sauransu)

Matakan Koyo:

1. Koyo na asali – Kunnawa, rubutu, da amfani da mouse

2. Koyo na matsakaici – Word, Excel, PowerPoint

3. Koyo na gaba – Shirye-shirye (programming), gyaran hoto, ko kirkirar website

Abubuwan dake ciki

Abubuwan dake ciki …………………… 6

Darasi Na 1: Menene Kwamfuta…………………..............…….. 7

Darasi Na 2: Yanda ake Kunnawa da kasha Kwamfuta…………........... 17

Darasi Na 3: Yadda Ake Amfani da Mouse da Keyboard da Na'urar Nunawa (Monitor) ...................... 21

Darasi Na 4: Yadda Ake Buɗe Microsoft Word ……………...........…. 34

Darasi Na 5: Yadda Ake Amfani da Microsoft Excel ……….................… 40

Darasi Na 6: Yadda Ake Buga (Print) Takarda ........................ 46

Darasi Na 7: Yadda Ake Amfani da Microsoft PowerPoint Don Gabatarwa ……………………….......... 51

Darasi Na 8: Yadda Ake Amfani da Intanet ……………..................………. 58

Darasi Na 9: Yadda Ake Ƙirƙirar Imel (Email) da Aikawa da sako. 62

Darasi Na 10: Yadda Ake Amfani da Adobe Photoshop do Gyara Hotuna ................................................... 66

Darasi Na 11: Yadda zaka kare computer daga cututtuka (virus) da tsaftace aiki………………………………. 70

Darasi Na 12: Yadda Ake ƙirƙirar Website (shafin Yanar Gizo) ……...76

Wasu Kalmomo Da Ma’anonin su82

Darasi Na 13: Yanda ake amfani da CorrelDraw................................... 84

Darasi Na Daya

(1)

1.1 Menene Kwamfuta (Computer)? Kwamfuta ko kuna Na’ura Mai Kwakwalwa kamar yadda ake kiranta. na'ura ce da ake amfani da ita wajen adanawa, sarrafawa, da aikewa da bayanai. Tana aiki ne da umarni wato (programs).

1.2 Sassan Kwamfuta: Kwamfuta tana da Sassa Biyu (2)

Hardware – Abubuwan da ake iya gani da taɓawa kamar: keyboard, mouse, screen, printer, CPU.

Software – Shirye-shiryen da ke sa Kwamfuta ta yi aiki, kamar Windows, Microsoft Word, da sauransu.

1.3. Amfanin Kwamfuta

Shigarwa: Shigar da Bayanan Asali cikin Kwamfuta don sarrafawa.

Sarrafawa: Yin Kayyadadden aiki akan nau’in bayanai don samar da sakamakon da ake bukata. Kamar Rarrabawa, Jerawa, Takaitawa, Samarwa, lissafawa, dasauransu.

Fitarwa: Fitar da sakamakon da aka samar ya yin Sarrafawa don samar da sakamako ga mai aiki.

Adanawa: Adana Muhimman Bayanai da sakamakon da aka samar, ta Na’urar don amfanin gaba.

1.4. Ayyukan Kwamfuta

Ga wasu daga cikin muhimman ayyukan kwamfuta:

·        Rubuta takardu da wasiku

·        Bincike da koyo ta intanet

·        Aiki da lissafi (Excel)

·        Kallon bidiyo da sauraron waka

·        Zane da tsara abubuwa

1. Aikin Rubutu (Word Processing) Rubuta takardu, rahotanni, wasiƙu, da littattafai. Misali: Amfani da Microsoft Word ko Google Docs.

2. Lissafi da Tattalin Bayanai (Spreadsheet) Yin ƙididdiga da nazari, kamar hisabi da ƙididdigar kasuwanci.

Misali: Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets.

3. Aikin Ofis (Office Work) Ajiye fayiloli, aika da karɓar wasiƙar e-mail, shirya taro ta bidiyo (video conference), da sauransu. Misali: Outlook, Zoom, Google Drive.

4. Bincike da Karatu (Research & Education): Amfani da Intanet don neman ilimi, karatu, da koyon sabbin abubuwa. Misali: Wikipedia, Google, da YouTube.

5. Zane da Kera Hotuna (Graphics Design) Yin amfani da kwamfuta wajen ƙirƙirar hoto, ƙyalli, ko tambari. Misali: CorelDRAW, Photoshop, Canva.

6. Shirya Bidiyo da Sauti: Shirya fina-finai, bidiyo na tallace-tallace, ko waƙoƙi.

Misali: Adobe Premiere Pro, Audacity, Filmora.

7. Ciniki da Kasuwanci (E-Commerce):  Siyarwa da sayayya ta yanar gizo.

Misali: Jumia, Amazon, Facebook Marketplace.

8. Sadarwa da Zamantakewa: Yin hira da mutane, aika saƙonni, kiran bidiyo da sauransu. Misali: WhatsApp, Facebook, Zoom.

9. Shirye-Shiryen Kwamfuta (Programming): Koyon yare irin su Python, Java, HTML don ƙirƙirar shafukan yanar gizo, manhajoji, da software.

10. Tsaro da Adana Bayanai: Ajiye bayanai a cikin kwamfuta ko girgije (cloud). Kare bayanai daga ɓarna ko ɓatarwa.

1.5 Rabe-Raben Kwamfuta

Desktop– Babbar Computer da ake dorawa akan tebur don ayyuka, a wuraren aiki, kamar ofisoshi, da Masana’antu da Kasuwanni.

Tower System– Kwamfuta mai Hasumiya) wata kwamfuta ce mai babban akwatin (CPU case) da yake da siffar hasumiya, wato dogo ne a tsaye. Ana kiransa da wannan suna ne saboda kamanninsa da ginin hasumiya.

Laptop– Karamar Kwamfuta ce da ake dorata akan Cinya yayin sarrafawa.

 Notebook – Itama karamar Kwamfuta ce kwatankwacin Littafi

Palmtops (hand-held PCs) – Ƙaramar Kwamfuta Mai ɗaukuwa a hannu) su ne ƙananan kwamfutoci da aka ƙera domin su dauku a hannu cikin sauƙi, kuma su riƙa yin wasu manyan ayyukan kwamfuta kamar rubutu, lissafi, da ƙananan shirye-shirye.

1.6 Bangarorin Kwamfita

Kwamfuta ta kunshi Mahimman Sassa guda Uku:

1.     Na’urorin Shigarwa

2.     Na’urorin Sarrafawa

3.     Na’urorin Fitarwa

1.6.1. Naurar Shigarwa (Input Devices)

Wadannan sune na'urorin da ake amfani da su wajen shigar da bayanai zuwa cikin kwamfuta. Su ne ke taimaka wa mutum ya sadar da kwamfuta.

Misalai:

Keyboard (maɓallin rubutu) – don rubuta haruffa da lambobi.

Mouse (linzamin kwamfuta) – don matsarwa da danna abubuwa.

Microphone (makirufo) – don shigar da murya.

Scanner – don shigar da hotuna ko takardu.

Webcam – don shigar da bidiyo ko hoto cikin Kwamfuter.

1.6.2. Naurar Sarrafawa (Processing Unit)

Wannan shi ne zuciyar kwamfuta. Shi ne ke karɓar bayanan da aka shigar, yana nazari ko sarrafa su, yana kuma aika sakamakon zuwa inda ya dace.

Sassan sarrafawa sun haɗa da:

CPU (Central Processing Unit) – shine ke gudanar da dukkan aikin lissafi da tunani a kwamfuta.

RAM (Random Access Memory) – Shi ne ke ajiyar wucin gadi na bayanai da ake aiki da su a lokacin.

1.6.3. Naurar Fitarwa (Output Devices)

Wannan na’ura ce da ke fitar da sakamakon aikin da kwamfuta ta yi domin mai amfani ya gani ko ya saurara, Misalai:

Speaker (Na’urar amo) – Domin fitar da sauti.

Monitor (Allon kwamfuta) – don nuna hoto da rubutu.

Printer (Na’urar bugawa) – don fitar da bayanai a takarda.

Projector – don nuna bayanai a babbar allo.

DARASI NA BIYU

(2)

2.1. Yadda Ake Kunnawa Da Kashe Kwamfuta

·        Yadda Ake Kunnawa Kwamfuta (Turning On a Computer)

Matakai:

1. Haɗa igiyar wuta (Power Cable):

* Tabbatar cewa igar wutar kwamfutar an haɗa ta da (plug) da kuma (socket).

2. Danna Maɓallin kunna kwamfuta:

* Wannan maɓallin yawanci yana gaban CPU (Tower) ko gefe a laptop.

* Ana masa alamar (circular icon)

3. Jiran kwamfuta ta buɗe:

* Idan komai lafiya, allon zai nuna tambarin Windows ko logo na kamfanin.

* Sa'an nan ta kai ga (desktop).

4. Shigar da sunan mai amfani da kalmar sirri (idan akwai).

Yadda Ake Kashe Kwamfuta (Shutting Down a Computer)

 Matakai a Windows 10/11:

1. Je zuwa gunkin "Start" (alamar Windows):

   * Yana ƙasan hagu na allo (taskbar).

2. Danna Start → Danna "Power" 🔌.

3. Zaɓi “Shut down”:

   * Wannan zai kashe kwamfutar gaba ɗaya cikin tsari.

🖱️ Wasu Hanyoyi:

* A matsayinka na mai amfani da keyboard:

  * Latsa Ctrl + Alt + Delete, sannan zaɓi Power > Shut down.

  * Ko kuma ka latsa Alt + F4 a desktop, sannan zaɓi (Shut down) daga zaɓuka.

⚠ Abubuwan da ba a son yi yayin kashewa:

* Kada ka cire wuta kai tsaye.

* Kada ka latsa maɓallin wuta na CPU na dogon lokaci (sai idan kwamfutar ta tsaya cak - freeze).

📝 Abubuwan Lura:

Restart: Wato sake kunnawa – yana taimaka wajen sabunta kwamfuta.

Sleep: Wato barci – kwamfutar na ajiye aikin da kake yi, ta kashe allo don adana batir.

DARASI NA UKU

(3)

Yadda Ake Amfani da Mouse da Keyboard da Na'urar Nunawa (Monitor)

3.1 Amfani da Mouse:

Mouse na da maɓalli guda biyu (da kuma wata ƙaramar ƙwarya a tsakiya):

Left Click (Danna Hagu): Ana danna shi don zaɓar abu ko buɗe shirin (program).

Right Click (Danna Dama): Yana buɗe zaɓuɓɓuka na musamman (menu).

Scroll Wheel (ƙwarya): Ana juyata don lilo sama da ƙasa cikin shafi.

Misali: Idan kana so ka buɗe Microsoft Word, sai ka matsa mouse ɗin zuwa alamar Word, ka danna sau ɗaya (double-click) da hagu.

Alamomin Linzamin Kwamfuta (Mouse)

Linzamin Kwamfuta zai nuni kamar Kibiya

Yayin da Linzamin yake nuna internet link, zai zama kamar hannun nuni

Yayin da linzamin yake kan wajen Rubutu, zai yi kama da I-beam

Yayin da Kwamfuta take Tsaka da aiki, Linzamin zai nuni kamar gilashi ko Da’ira

3.2 Amfani da Keyboard:

Keyboard yana da maɓallan haruffa da lambobi, kamar na rubutu a takarda. Ga wasu muhimman maballan da za ka rika amfani da su:

v    Typing keys: sune ake amfani da su wajen rubuta bayanai, da suka kunshi haruffa (A-Z).

v    Numeric keys: Ana afani da su wajen rubuta Lambobi (0-9).

v    Spacebar: Don bada tazara tsakanin kalmomi.

v    Enter: Don kammala layi ko buɗe abu.

v    Backspace: Don gogewa daga baya.

v    Shift: Don rubuta manyan haruffa ko alamomi.

v    Caps lock: Don Juyawa daga Manyan Bakake zuwa Kanan Bakake.

Misali: Idan kana rubuta "Assalamu Alaikum", sai ka yi amfani da: Haruffa A, S, L, A... Ka danna Shift + A idan kana so ya zama babban harafi.

v    Functional keys: Jerin Maballai (F1-F12) ga amfanin su:

Ø   F1: Yawanci ana amfani da shi don buɗe taimako (Help) a cikin manhajojin kwamfuta (misali: Microsoft Word).

Ø   F2: Ana amfani da shi don sake sunan fayil (Rename) a cikin File Explorer.

Ø   F3: Ana amfani da shi don bincike (Search) a cikin windows ko a cikin manhaja kamar browser.

Ø   F4: Alt + F4: Ana amfani da su don rufe shirin (Close program). A wasu lokuta F4 kawai yana maimaita umarni na baya (Repeat action) a Excel.

Ø   F5: Ana amfani da shi don sabunta shafi (Refresh) a browser. A PowerPoint, yana fara gabatarwa (Start slideshow).

Ø   F6: Yana taimaka wa don canza maƙura (cursor) zuwa adireshin url a cikin browser.

Ø   F7: A cikin Word ko wasu shirye-shirye, yana buɗe duba rubutu (Spelling and Grammar check).

Ø   F8: A lokacin kunna kwamfuta, yana buɗe boot options (zaɓin shigar da safe mode) a wasu kwamfutoci.

Ø   F9: Ana amfani da shi a Outlook don aika da karɓar saƙonni (Send/Receive). A Excel, yana sabunta formulas.

Ø   F10: Yana nuna menu na shirin (a cikin tsoffin shirye-shirye). Shift + F10: Kamar danna dama (right-click).

Ø   F11: Yana cika faifai (full screen) a browser. Sake danna yana dawo da normal view.

Ø   F12: A Word, yana buɗe Save As. A browser, yana buɗe Developer Tools..

v   Cursor keys: Maballai ne da suke taimakawa wajen Motsa tsinken computer (cursor), wanda suka kunshi Maballan Nuniya (arrow keys) (←↑→↓), Sama, Kasa, Inda ake, Karshe, Gogewa, Shiga.

v   Modify keys: Sun Kunshi Ctrl, Alt, Shift, ana kiran su ne saboda auyyukan su suna dogara ne da wasu Maballan don yi ayyukansu.

v   Indicator area: Wuraren Haske 3 (on or off).  Sune Num Lock, Scroll Lock, Cap Lock. Wadanna Maballan sun juyawa yayin Kunnawa ko Kashewa, ko yayin aikatawa.

v   Num lock: Yana Jijjuya faifai Maballai daga Haruffa zuwa Lambobi.

v   Scroll lock: Juyawa tsakanin hanyoyi biyu na amfani da Maballan Computer.

Wasu Daga Cikin Shortcuts Masu Amfani Da Maballin (Ctrl +) Akan Keyboard

Ga Ayyukan wasu daga cikin shortcuts masu amfani da maballin Ctrl + akan keyboard, musamman ga Windows:

Ctrl + A     Zaɓar dukkan abinda ke shafi (Select all)

Ctrl + C     Kwafi (Copy)

Ctrl + X      Yanke (Cut)

Ctrl + V     Manna (Paste)

Ctrl + Z      Goge abin da aka yi na ƙarshe (Undo)

Ctrl + Y      Mayar da abin da aka goge (Redo)

Ctrl + S      Ajiye (Save)

Ctrl + P      Buga (Print)

Ctrl + F      Nemo kalma a cikin rubutu (Find)

Ctrl + N     Buɗe sabon takarda ko taga (New)

Ctrl + O     Buɗe takarda (Open)

Ctrl + T      Buɗe sabon tab a browser

Ctrl + W    Rufe taga ko tab

Ctrl + Tab Canza tsakanin tabs

Ctrl + D     Ajiye shafi a matsayin bookmark (browser)

Ctrl + L      Zaɓi wurin adireshin URL a browser.

3.3 Na'urar Nunawa (Monitor)

Ma’ana: Na'urar nunawa ita ce na'urar da ke nuna abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin kwamfuta — rubutu, hotuna, bidiyo da dai sauransu. Ana amfani da ita ne don kallon sakamakon abin da mutum ke yi a kwamfuta.

Ire-iren na’urar nunawa:

1. CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) – tsoffin na’urori masu girma.

2. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) – sabbin na’urori masu kaifi da ƙaramin nauyi.

3. LED (Light Emitting Diode) – irin LCD ne, amma suna amfani da fitilun LED, suna da haske da kyau sosai.

4. Touchscreen Monitors – waɗanda ke ba da damar taɓawa wajen sarrafa kwamfuta.

Aikin Na'urar Nunawa:

o       Nuna desktop da windows.

o       Kallon bidiyo da hotuna.

o       Kula da aiki da wasanni.

o       Nuna sakon kuskure ko nasara daga tsarin kwamfuta.

Siffar haɗuwa da kwamfuta:

Ana haɗa ta ta hanyar kebul (HDMI, VGA, DVI, ko DisplayPort).

Wasu na’urorin sun haɗu da speakers ko USB ports.

Wasu Daga Na’urorin Hada Kwamfuta

1. HDMI: Yana nufin High-Definition Multimedia Interface. Wani nau'in kebul ne da ake amfani da shi don watsa bidiyo da sauti masu inganci (high-definition audio and video) daga wata na'ura zuwa wata.

2.              VGA: Yana nufin (Video Graphics Array)  Wani tsohon nau'in kebul ne da ake amfani da shi don watsa hoton bidiyo (video only) daga na'ura kamar kwamfuta zuwa talabijin, projector, ko monitor. VGA baya watsa sauti. Idan kana son amfani da sauti, sai ka yi amfani da wani kebul daban (misali kebul na speaker).

Tsohon fasaha ne amma har yanzu ana amfani da shi a wasu wurare, ko da yake sabbin na’urori suna amfani da HDMI ko DisplayPort, akwai har yanzu wasu projectors, monitors, da tsoffin kwamfutoci da ke amfani da VGA.

3.              DVI: Yana nufin (Digital Visual Interface). Wani nau’in kebul ne da ake amfani da shi don watsa bidiyon hoto (video) daga kwamfuta zuwa monitor ko projector, amma ba ya watsa sauti, kamar VGA.

4.                 DisplayPort (DP): wata hanya ce ta zamani da ake amfani da ita don watsa bidiyo (video) da sauti (audio) daga kwamfuta zuwa na’urorin nuni (kamar monitor, TV ko projector). Yana kama da HDMI, amma ya fi mayar da hankali kan amfani da shi a kwamfutoci da monitors masu ƙarfi.

5.                  USB: na nufin Universal Serial Bus. Wata hanya ce ta haɗa na'urori da kwamfuta ko wasu na'urorin zamani (kamar wayoyi, printer, keyboard, flash, da sauransu) domin musayar bayanai ko samar da wuta (charging).

 Aikin USB: Taimakawa wajen canja bayanai daga na'ura zuwa wata (misali daga flash zuwa kwamfuta).

Samar da wuta domin cajin na’urori (misali caji wayar da USB cable).

Haɗa kayan aiki kamar su keyboard, mouse, printer, external hard drive, da sauransu.

Irin na’urorin USB:

USB Flash Drive (Flash) – Ana ajiye bayanai a ciki.

USB Cable (Igiyar USB) – Ana haɗa na'urori da ita.

USB Mouse/Keyboard – Ana haɗa su da kwamfuta don amfani.

DARASI NA HUDU

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Yadda Ake Buɗe Microsoft Word/ Google Doc Don Fara Rubutu

4.1 Buɗe Microsoft Word:

1. Kunna Computer (kamar yadda muka koya a Darasi na 2).

2. Danna maɓallin Start: Yana a ƙasan hagu na allon.

Bayan danna shi, zai nuna jerin shirye-shirye (programs).

3. Nemo Microsoft Word:

Idan ba ka gani kai tsaye ba, ka je zuwa "All Programs" ko "Search".

Rubuta Word a cikin search box.

Sai ka danna Microsoft Word (sau ɗaya ko biyu).

4. Za a buɗe sabon shafi (blank page) wanda zaka fara rubutu.

4.2 Fara Rubutu a Word:

Matsa maɓallan haruffa a keyboard don fara rubutu.

Rubuta kamar haka:

"Sunana Musa. Ina son koyon amfani da computer."

4.3 Ajiye Aikin (Save):

1. Danna File (a saman hagu).

2. Zaɓi Save As.

3. Zaɓi inda zaka ajiye shi (misali: Desktop).

4. Saka suna kamar: "Aikin Farko".

5. Danna Save.

4.4 Rufe Word:

Danna X a saman dama na taga.

Idan ba ka ajiye ba, zai tambaye ka. Danna Save idan kana son a adana.

 Google Docs: Ita ma wata manhaja ce ta kwamfuta da ke baka damar rubuta takardu (documents), gyara su, da kuma adana su amma a intanet (cloud) cikin sauƙi – ba tare da sai ka saka wani shiri a kwamfutarka ba.

Ma’anar Google Docs a Sauƙaƙe:

 Google Docs: tamkar Microsoft Word ce amma ta intanet, wato:

* Kana iya rubutu da gyara.

* Ajiya yana zuwa kai tsaye (ba sai ka danna "Save" ba).

* Kana iya aiki da wasu mutane lokaci guda (collaboration).

🔧 Ayyukan Da Ake Yi Da Google Docs:

1. Rubuta takardu: kamar wasiƙa, rahoto, kasida, da sauransu.

2. Saka hotuna da tebur (tables).

3. Gyara da tsara font, launi, da girma.

4. Ajiye fayil ɗinka ta atomatik.

5. Rabawa da wasu su karanta ko su gyara.

6. Zazzagewa (Download) cikin nau'o'i daban: docx (Microsoft Word), pdf, txt da sauransu.

🌐 Yadda Ake Amfani da Google Docs:

✅ Abubuwan Da Kake Bukata:

* Gmail (asusun Google)

* Intanet

Matakai:

1. Je zuwa: [https://docs.google.com](https://docs.google.com)

2. Shiga da Gmail ɗinka.

3. Danna Blank ko zaɓi template.

4. Fara rubutu.

5. Idan kana so, danna "Share" don rabawa da wani.

💡 Fa’idodin Google Docs:

* 🗂️ Ajiya kai tsaye a Google Drive.

* 👫 Aiki tare da wasu a lokaci guda.

* 📱 Ana iya amfani da shi a kwamfuta, waya, ko tablet.

* 🔁 Komai na canjawa lokaci-lokaci (auto-save).

* 🔒 Tsaro – kai kaɗai ko da kai da wasu zaku iya gani/gyara.

❌ Rashin Amfani:

* Sai da **intanet** zaka iya amfani da shi sosai.

* Wasu fasali masu zurfi ba su da yawa kamar a Microsoft Word.

DARASI NA BIYAR

(5)

Yadda Ake Amfani da Microsoft Excel

8.1 Menene Microsoft Excel?

Excel shiri ne (software) da ake amfani da shi don:

·                 Yin lissafi (calculations)

·                 Tsara jadawali (tables)

·                 Sarrafa bayanai (data)

·                 Kirkiro charts da zane-zane

Ana amfani da shi sosai a wuraren aiki, kasuwanci, makaranta da sauransu.

8.2 Koyon Muhimman Abubuwa a Excel:

1. Cell: Kowane ɗaki (box) a Excel ana kiransa cell.

Ana rubuta bayanai a ciki, kamar suna, lamba, ko farashi.

Cell ɗin yana da adireshi, misali: A1, B2.

2. Row da Column:

Row = layi yana tafiya a kwance (1, 2, 3...)

Column = ginshiƙi yana tashi a tsaye (A, B, C...)

 3. Rubutu a Cell:

Danna wani cell, rubuta abu kamar:

A1 = Suna

B1 = Farashi

A2 = Sikari

B2 = 500

8.3 Yin Lissafi:

Misali kana da lambobi a B2 da B3:

B2 = 500

B3 = 200

Idan kana son haɗawa, je zuwa B4 ka rubuta:

=B2+B3 sai ka danna Enter

Za ta baka 700

Sauran lissafi:

Ƙari: =A1+B1

Ragewa: =A1-B1

Hadawa (multiplication): =A1*B1

Raba: =A1/B1

8.4 Ajiye Aikin:

Danna File > Save As

Saka suna, misali: Lissafin Kasuwa.xlsx

Danna Save.

Google Sheet: Wata manhaja ce ta kamfanin Google da ake amfani da ita don yin lissafi, tsara bayanai, da aikin tebur (spreadsheet) a cikin layuka da ginshiƙai – irin ta Microsoft Excel.

🌐 Ayyukan da ake yi da Google Sheet

•       Yin lissafi kamar ƙididdiga, tara, raba, da dai sauransu.

•       Tsara bayanai a cikin tebur.

•       Yin jadawalin aiki ko kasafin kuɗi.

•       Yin zane-zane (charts/graphs) daga bayanai.

•       Ajiye aiki ta atomatik a cikin Google Drive.

•       Yi aiki tare da wasu mutane a lokaci guda (collaboration).

•       A buda shi daga kowanne na'ura (computer, tablet, ko waya) idan kana da intanet.

📌 Amfanin Google Sheet:

•       Kyauta ne idan kana da Gmail account.

•       Aiki yana nan koda ba ka da Microsoft Office.

•       Yana da sauƙin haɗawa da sauran kayayyakin Google (kamar Google Forms, Google Docs).

•       Zai baka damar yin ajiyar bayanai kai tsaye (cloud backup).

🛠 Misalan Abubuwan Da Ake Yi Da Google Sheet:

•       Tsarawa da bibiyar kasafin kuɗi (budget).

•       Rubuta jadawalin karatu ko aiki.

•       Bibiyar sakamakon ɗalibai.

•       Shirya bayanan kasuwanci.

•       Yin tambayoyi da rubuce-rubucen sakamako daga Google Forms.

DARASI NA SHIDA

(6)

Na'urar Bugawa (Printer)

Ma’ana: Na'urar bugawa (ko “Printer” a Turance) ita ce na’urar da ake amfani da ita don fitar da takarda mai dauke da rubutu ko hoto daga kwamfuta. Ana amfani da ita don samun takardun aiki, rahoto, hoto, da sauran abubuwan da aka shirya a kwamfuta.

Ire-iren Na’urar Bugawa:

1. Inkjet Printer: Na’ura ce da ke amfani da tawada don buga rubutu ko hoto. Tana iya buga hoto mai launi ko ba launi.

Tana da araha amma ana yawan canza tawada.

2. Laser Printer: Tana amfani da sinadarin “toner” maimakon tawada. Tana da saurin bugawa kuma tana da inganci. Tafi dacewa da ofisoshi.

3.  Dot Matrix Printer: Tana amfani da ƙaramin ƙaho da tawada. Tana da ƙaramar inganci, amma tana iya buga takardu masu lauje da nisa. Ana amfani da ita a bankuna da ofisoshin gwamnati.

4.  All-in-One Printer: Tana haɗa ayyuka da dama: bugawa, saka takarda (scan), kwafi (copy), da aika fax. Tana da amfani sosai a gida ko ofis.

Aikin Na’urar Bugawa:

·        Fitar da rubutu daga MS Word, Excel, ko sauran shirye-shirye.

·        Buga hotuna daga kwamfuta ko waya.

·        Samar da takardun kwafi ko kwatance.

·        Aika da karɓar fax (idan tana da wannan damar).

Hanyoyin Haɗa Printer:

Ta kebul (USB).

Ta hanyar Wi-Fi (Wireless Printer).

Ta hanyar Bluetooth.

Wasu na iya haɗuwa da waya kai tsaye.

Yadda Ake Buga (Print) Takarda Daga Microsoft Word

1.  Tabbatar da Printer ya haɗu da Computer: Printer ya kamata ya haɗu da computer ta USB cable ko ta hanyar Wi-Fi. Kuma ya kamata ya na da tawada (ink) da takarda (paper) a ciki.

Matakan Buga Takarda:

1.              Buɗe Aikin da kake son bugawa:

Idan ka riga ka ajiye aikin a Darasi na 4, sai ka je ka buɗe Word ka ɗaga File > Open.

2.              Danna “File”:

A saman hagu na Microsoft Word.

3.      Zaɓi “Print”:

Za ka ga zaɓin Print Preview (zai nuna yadda takardar zata fito).

Akwai maɓallin Print a can dama.

4.              Zaɓi Printer ɗinka:

 Idan kana da printer ɗaya kawai, zai zaɓe ta kai tsaye.

Idan ba haka ba, sai ka danna don zaɓar printer ɗin da kake amfani da shi.

5.              Danna “Print”:

Takardar zata fito daga cikin printer.

 

Muhimman Bayanai:

Tabbatar kana da takarda a cikin printer.

Idan takardar bata fito ba, duba ko printer yana kunne da haɗe da kyau.

Idan kana so ka buga shafi guda ne ko da dama, za ka iya zaɓar "Pages" kafin ka danna Print.

DARASI NA BAKWAI

(7)

Yadda Ake Amfani da Microsoft PowerPoint Don Gabatarwa (Presentation)

9.1 Menene PowerPoint? PowerPoint shiri ne da ake amfani da shi don:

o       Gabatar da bayani a gaban mutane

o       Zana slides masu hoto, rubutu da zane Yin koyarwa ko bayanin aiki

o       Ana amfani da shi a makaranta, taro, da ofis.

9.2 Yadda Ake Buɗe PowerPoint:

1. Danna Start

2. Nema: PowerPoint

3. Danna don buɗewa

9.3 Ƙirƙirar Sabon Slide:

1. Za ka ga “Click to add title”

Rubuta taken ka, misali: Gabatarwar Lissafi

2. A kasa zaka ga “Click to add subtitle”

Rubuta ƙarin bayani, misali: Makarantar Firamare ta Garko

3. Danna “New Slide” don ƙara sabon shafi (slide)

9.4 Saka Hoto, Rubutu, Ko Zane:

Danna Insert > Picture don saka hoto

Danna Insert > Text Box don saka sabuwar rubutu

Za ka iya amfani da Designs don canza kamannin slide ɗinka

9.5 Fara Nuna (Presentation):

Danna Slide Show > From Beginning

Ko danna F5 a keyboard

Zaka iya amfani da maballin "arrow" don wucewa slide zuwa na gaba

9.6 Ajiye Aikin:

Danna File > Save As

Saka suna kamar Gabatarwa.pptx

Danna Save.

Google Slides wata manhaja ce ta kamfanin Google da ake amfani da ita don ƙirƙira da gabatar da "slide" – wato shafukan bayani da ake amfani da su wajen gabatar da darasi, jawabi, ko bayanai a gaban jama'a.

✅ Abubuwan Da Ya Kamata Mu Sani Game da Google Slides:

📌 Menene Google Slides?

•       Wata manhaja ce kyauta da ke cikin Google Drive, irin ta PowerPoint.

•       Ana amfani da ita don gabin bayani (presentation), wato saka bayanai, hotuna, da motsi a cikin slide-slide.

•       Ana iya amfani da ita a kan internet (ta browser) ba tare da saukewa ba.

•       Yana aiki kai tsaye (online), ana ajiye bayanai ta atomatik, kuma za ka iya aiki tare da wasu mutane lokaci guda.

🎯 Me Ake Yi Da Google Slides?

•       Gabatar da darasi a aji.

•       Yin jawabi a taro ko bikin makaranta.

•       Gabatar da rahoton aiki.

•       Koyarwa da nuna bayani a cikin hanya mai kayatarwa.

🧰 Abubuwan Da a Iya Sakawa a Cikin Slide:

•       Rubutu (text)

•       Hotuna (images)

•       Bidiyo (videos)

•       Motsi ko animation

•       Zane-zane (charts, diagrams)

•       Sauti (audio)

•       Link zuwa wasu shafuka

🌍 Amfanin Google Slides:

•       Kyauta ne – kana buƙatar Gmail account kawai.

•       Ajiye aiki kai tsaye a Google Drive.

•       Yana aiki a kowanne na’ura – waya, kwamfuta, tablet.

•       Yana bada dama mutane da dama su yi aiki tare.

•       Zai iya bude PowerPoint da fitar da aiki a matsayin PDF ko PowerPoint.

 Misali: Ka na so ka gabatar da darasi kan Ilmin Lissafi a aji. Za ka iya amfani da Google Slides don:

•       Saka taken darasin.

•       Bayyana ƙa’idodin darasin.

•       Saka misalai da hotuna.

•       Nuna matakan warware matsala.

•       Kuma ka iya gabatarwa a gaban ɗalibai ta amfani da projector ko daga kan waya.

DARASI NA TAKWAS

(8)

Yadda Ake Amfani da Intanet (Internet)

6.1 Menene Intanet?

Intanet wata babbar hanyar sadarwa ce da ke haɗa computers da wayoyi a duk duniya. Tana ba ka damar:

·                 Neman bayani (Google)

·                 Kallon bidiyo (YouTube)

·                 Karatu da koyo da Sadarwa da mutane (Imel, WhatsApp, Facebook, da sauransu)

6.2. Yadda Ake Shiga Intanet:

1. Tabbatar da ka haɗu da Wi-Fi ko Data:

Idan kana amfani da laptop, danna alamar Wi-Fi a ƙasan dama na allon, zaɓi cibiyar sadarwa, sannan ka haɗa.

2. Buɗe Browser:

Browser ita ce manhaja da ake amfani da ita don shiga intanet.

Misalai: Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Firefox, Safari.

Danna alamar Chrome ko wani browser da kake da shi.

6.3 Yin Bincike:

1. A cikin browser, rubuta:

www.google.com

Sai ka danna Enter.

2. A cikin Google, rubuta abin da kake so ka sani, misali:

“Tarihin Najeriya” ko “History of Nigeria”.

3. Danna Enter, sai Google ya nuna jerin shafukan da ke da bayani.

4. Danna daya daga ciki domin karanta ko kallon abin.

6.4 Yin Amfani da YouTube don Koyo:

1. Rubuta: www.youtube.com

2. A search box, rubuta:

“Koyon Microsoft Word da Hausa” ko

“Yadda ake amfani da Excel”.

3. Zaɓi bidiyo ka kalla.

6.5 Tsaftar Amfani:

Kada ka danna duk wani abu da baka gane ba.

Ka guji shafuka da ke buƙatar ka bayar da bayananka na sirri idan ba ka yarda da su ba.

DARASI NA TARA

(9)

Yadda Ake Ƙirƙirar Imel (Email) da Aikawa da Sako

7.1 Menene Email?

 Email (Imel) hanya ce ta aika da saƙonni ta intanet. Misali: auwal123@gmail.com

Zaka iya: Aika saƙonni, Karɓar saƙonni, Tura takardu ko hotuna   

7.2 Yadda Ake Ƙirƙirar Sabon Email Account (Gmail):

1. Buɗe browser (Chrome ko Edge).

2. Rubuta: www.gmail.com

3. Danna “Create account”

4. Zaɓi “For myself”

5. Cika bayananka:

First name: Sunanka na farko

Last name: Sunanka na ƙarshe

Username: Zaka ƙirƙiri kamar auwal123

Password: Rubuta kalmar sirri (a ɓoye take)

6. Danna Next, sai ka cika:

Lambar waya (idan kana da ita)

Ranar haihuwa

Jinsi (male/female)

7. Karanta sharudda, danna “I Agree”

Shikenan! Ka samu sabon imel: misali: auwal123@gmail.com

7.3 Yadda Ake Aika Saƙo (Email):

1. Je zuwa www.gmail.com, shiga da email ɗinka da password.

2.  Danna “Compose” a hagu.

3. Cika:

To: Email ɗin wanda zaka aika masa (misali: musa234@gmail.com)

Subject: Taken saƙon (misali: Sako daga Saminu)

Message: Rubuta abin da kake son fada.

4. Idan kana son ɗora takarda ko hoto, danna “Attach” (alama ta ’clip’).

5. Danna Send.

7.4 Karɓar Email:

 Je cikin Inbox.

Danna saƙon da ya shigo domin karanta shi.

DARASI NA GOMA

(10)

Yadda Ake Amfani da Adobe Photoshop

1. Menene Photoshop?

Photoshop wani shahararren shirin gyaran hoto ne da kamfanin Adobe ya ƙirƙira. Ana amfani da shi don:

v Gyaran hoto (retouching)

v Ƙara rubutu ko abubuwa akan hoto

v Cire bango daga hoto

v Ƙirƙirar zane-zane (graphic design)

2. Yadda ake fara amfani da Photoshop

Abubuwan da ake buƙata:

ü Komfuta (PC ko Laptop)

ü Shigar da shirin Adobe Photoshop

ü Hoto ko zane da kake son gyarawa

Matakai na farko:

1. Buɗe shirin Photoshop.

2. Zaɓi File > Open, domin buɗe hoton da kake son gyara.

3. Layers Panel: Wannan sashin yana nuna duk abubuwan da ke cikin hoton.

4. Tools Panel (a hagu): Anan akwai kayan aiki kamar:

Move Tool (V) – Don jan abubuwa.

Crop Tool (C)  – Don yanke wani sashi na hoto.

Brush Tool (B) – Don zana.

Eraser Tool (E) – Don gogewa.

Text Tool (T) – Don ƙara rubutu.

Lasso Tool (L) – Don zaɓar sassa na hoto.

3. Misalin aiki: Yadda ake cire bango daga hoto

1. Buɗe hoton.

2. Zaɓi Quick Selection Tool (W).

3. Danna gefen siffar da kake so ka bar, sai ka inverse da Select > Inverse.

4. Sai ka matsa Delete don cire bangon.

5. Ajiye hoton a sabon sunan da File > Save As...

4. Yadda ake ƙara rubutu a kan hoto

1. Danna Text Tool (T).

2. Danna cikin hoton, sai ka fara rubutu.

3. A saman shafin, zaka iya canza font, girma, da launi.

5. Ajiye aikin ka

Ka je File > Save As...

Zaɓi irin nau’in da kake so:

.PSD (domin ci gaba da gyarawa)

.JPG/.PNG (domin amfani a yanar gizo ko aika wa mutane)

DARASI NA GOMA SHA DAYA

(11)

Yadda Zaka Kare Kwamfuta Daga Cututtuka (virus) Da Kuma Tsaftace Aiki

Malwares Da Kuma illarsu Ga Kwamfuta

Malware tana nufin Malicious software, Softwares ne da aka kirkiresu don yin illa ga kwamfuta, ana amfani da malwares domin ayi satar bayanai, lalata files, keta bayanan sirri, ko kuma hana amfani da wani tsari, akwai nau'ikan malware daban-daban

1.  Virus: Kaska Kenan, tana kasancewa a cikin files, kuma tana yaduwa ta hanyar tura files tsakanin devices.

2.  Worms: Tsutsa Kenan, tana yaduwa ta hanyar cibiyoyin sadarwa ba tare da buƙatar taimakon mutum ba.

3.  Trojan Horses: Yana zama ne kamar wani software mai amfani amma yana ɓoye cuta mai illa ga Kwamfuta.

4.  Ransomware: ana amfani da ransomware domin a kulle file ko wani muhimmin abu a Kwamfuta har sai an biya kuɗin fansa wasu suna amfani da wannan hanyar domin samun kudi.

5.  Spyware: Malware ce wadda take tattara bayanan sirri ba tare da izini ba kuma batare da sanin mai Kwamfuta ba.

6.  Adware: Malware ce wadda ake amfani da ita domin nuna tallace-tallace masu yawa kuma yana iya zama mai ban haushi.

Malware na iya shiga cikin ta hanyoyi da yawa, kamar amfani da yanar gizo, aikace-aikacen da ba na gaskiya ba, ko ma ta hanyar amfani da USB domin musayar ayyuka (transferring files), yana da muhimmanci a yi amfani da software na tsaro kamar su antivirus tareda updating software akai-akai don kariya daga malware.

Yadda Zaka Kare Kwamfuta daga Cutar Virus

A. Shigar da Antivirus

Ka sauke antivirus mai kyau kamar:

 Windows Defender (yana cikin Windows 10/11). Avast,  Kaspersky,  Bitdefender, ko AVG.

 Tabbatar yana sabunta kansa (update) akai-akai.

B. Ka Guji Buɗe Abubuwan da Baka Tabbata da sahihan su ba.

*Kada ka buɗe imel ko fayil (file) daga wanda baka sani ba.

*Ka guji ziyartar shafukan yanar gizo da ba su da aminci.

C. Ka Sanya Firewall

 Firewall yana hana abubuwan haɗari shiga daga intanet.

A Windows, je zuwa Settings > Update & Security > Windows Security > Firewall.

D. Ka Sabunta (Update) Windows da Software

Sabuntawa (update) na rage haɗarin kamuwa da virus.

Yadda Zaka Tsaftace Aikin Computer

A. Share Fayilolin da Baka Bukata ba

Ka je This PC > Downloads ko Desktop ka share tsofaffin fayiloli.

Ka duba Recycle Bin ka goge komai daga ciki.

B. Yi Amfani da “Disk Cleanup”

Danna Start, rubuta Disk Cleanup.

Zaɓi drive (C:), sannan zaɓi abubuwan da zaka share kamar “Temporary files”.

C. Goge Software da Baka Amfani da Su

Ka je Control Panel > Programs > Uninstall a program, ka cire apps marasa amfani.

D. Rage Abubuwan da ke Fara Aiki da Kwamfuta (Startup Apps)

Danna Ctrl + Shift + Esc ka buɗe Task Manager.

Ka je Startup tab, ka kashe apps da ba dole ba.

E. Yi “Defragment” idan kana amfani da HDD

Danna Start, rubuta Defragment ko Optimize Drives

DARASI NA GOMA SHA BIYU

(12)

Yadda Ake ƙirƙirar Website (shafin Yanar Gizo)

🌐 Menene Website?

Website shafi ne a yanar gizo (Internet) da ke nuna bayani, hotuna, bidiyo, ko ayyuka. Ana iya ziyartarsa daga kowanne na’ura da ke da intanet.

Sassan Da Ake Buƙata Wajen Ƙirƙirar Website

1. Domain name – Sunan website ɗinka, kamar:

   `www.sunanka.com`.

2. Hosting – Wurin ajiye bayanan website ɗinka a Internet.

3. Design da Rubutun Layi (Coding or Builder) – Yadda shafin zai fito:

   * Za ka iya amfani da (website builder) ko rubuta lambar kwamfuta (code) da kanka.

🛠 Matakai 5 na Ƙirƙirar Website

1. Tsara Abin Da Kake So (Planning)

* Menene manufar website?

* Blog? Kasuwanci? Labarai? Ilimi?

* Wane abu kake son ya kasance a ciki?

* Hotuna, bidiyo, bayani, fom, da sauransu.

2. Zaɓin Sunan Domain da Hosting

*Domain name: Zabi suna mai sauƙi da tunawa. Misali:

`hausatech.com`, `koyonkomfuta.org`.

*Hosting: Zaɓi kamfanin da zai ajiye shafinka:

Misalai: Hostinger, Bluehost, GoDaddy, ko Google Cloud.

🔧 3. Ƙirƙirar Shafin

*Hanyoyi ne guda biyu:

A. Amfani da Website Builder (ba tare da koda lamba ba):

* Shafukan da ke baka sauƙin jan da sauke (drag and drop):

*Wix*

*WordPress*

*Google Sites*

*Shopify* (idan kana kasuwanci)

B. Amfani da Coding: Yare da ake amfani da su:

HTML – Gina tsarin shafi.

CSS – Kyallin da launin shafi.

JavaScript – Ƙara motsi ko aiki.

Misali (ƙananan website da HTML):

`html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

  <title>Sunana</title>

</head>

<body>

  <h1>Barka da zuwa!</h1>

  <p>Wannan shafi ne na gwaji.</p>

</body>

</html>

```

4. Gwada Shafin (Test Your Website)

Bude a browser (Chrome, Firefox).

Tabbatar komai yana aiki: hanyoyin haɗi, hotuna, fom...

🚀 5. Fitar da Shi Zuwa Yanar Gizo (Publish Online): Aika fayilolinka zuwa hosting ɗin da ka saya.

Idan kana amfani da WordPress, zai baka damar wallafawa cikin sauƙi.

✅ Fa’idar Gina Website

    Tallata kasuwanci.

    Yada ilimi ko labarai.

    Gina suna a intanet.

    Samun kuɗi ta hanyar talla ko sayarwa.

Wasu Kalmomo Da Ma’anonin su

Alt: Kalma ce daga Turanci (Alternate) wato madadin ko zaɓi na biyu. Ma’ana: ana amfani da ita don yin wani aiki ta wata hanya dabam da ta al’ada.

CPU (Central Processing Unit) – shine ke gudanar da dukkan aikin lissafi da tunani a kwamfuta.

Ctrl: Kalma ce daga Turanci wato "Control", kuma tana nufin ikon sarrafa wani abu a cikin kwamfuta idan an latsa ta tare da wani maɓalli.

DP: (DisplayPort) wata hanya ce ta zamani da ake amfani da ita don watsa bidiyo (video) da sauti (audio) daga kwamfuta zuwa na’urorin nuni (kamar monitor, TV ko projector).

DVI: (Digital Visual Interface). Wani nau’in kebul ne da ake amfani da shi don watsa hoton bidiyon (video) daga kwamfuta zuwa monitor ko projector, amma ba ya watsa sauti, kamar VGA.

Esc: Esc ta taƙaice ce ta "Escape", wato "gudu" ko "fita". Ana amfani da ita don ficewa daga wani yanayi ko menu ba tare da cigaba da aikin ba.

Email (Imel): hanya ce ta aika da saƙonni ta intanet

Google: Gida ne na yanar gizo na (www.google.com) (http://www.google.com)) da ke taimaka wa a nemi komai a intanet

HDMI: (High-Definition Multimedia Interface). Wani nau'in kebul ne da ake amfani da shi don watsa bidiyo da sauti masu inganci (high-definition audio and video) daga wata na'ura zuwa wata

HTML: (HyperText Markup Language): shi ne yaren da ake amfani da shi wajen gina shafukan yanar gizo (websites).

HDD: (Hard Disk Drive) na’urar ajiya ce da ake amfani da ita wajen adana bayanai a kwamfuta 

Java:  Yare ne mai ƙarfi da tsaro, wanda ya dace da aikace-aikace na wayar Android, shafukan yanar gizo masu aiki sosai, da kuma manyan shirye-shiryen kamfanoni.

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) – sabbin na’urori masu kaifi da ƙaramin nauyi.

LED (Light Emitting Diode) – irin LCD ne, amma suna amfani da fitilun LED, suna da haske da kyau sosai

Python: Yare ne mai sauƙin fahimta da amfani, wanda ake amfani da shi wajen koyon programming, da kuma ƙirƙirar abubuwa masu amfani sosai a duniya.          

RAM (Random Access Memory) – Shi ne ke ajiyar wucin gadi na bayanai da ake aiki da su a lokacin.

USB: (Universal Serial Bus). Wata hanya ce ta haɗa na'urori da kwamfuta ko wasu na'urorin zamani (kamar wayoyi, printer, keyboard, flash, da sauransu) domin musayar bayanai ko samar da wuta (charging).

VGA: (Video Graphics Array) Wani tsohon nau'in kebul ne da ake amfani da shi don watsa hoton bidiyo (video only) daga na'ura kamar kwamfuta zuwa talabijin, projector, ko monitor.

Wi-Fi: Yana nufin Wireless Fidelity – fasahar da ke ba da dama a haɗa da Intanet ta hanyar iska (ba ta amfani da waya kamar USB ko LAN).

YouTube: wata babbar dandalin bidiyo ce da mutane ke amfani da ita domin kallo, ɗora, da raba bidiyoyi ta hanyar intanet.

DARASI NA GOMA SHA UKU

(13)

Yadda Ake Aiki Da Correl Draw

Menene CorelDRAW?

CorelDRAW wani shahararren software ne na ƙirƙirar zane-zane da ƙira (design) wanda kamfanin Corel Corporation ya ƙirƙira. Ana amfani da shi don vector graphics design – wato ƙirƙirar hotuna da zane-zane da ba sa lalacewa ko dusashewa ko da an faɗaɗa su sosai.

Me ake yi da CorelDRAW? Ana amfani da CorelDRAW wajen ƙirƙirar abubuwa kamar:

1. Ƙirƙirar Logo – Alamar kasuwanci ko ƙungiya.

2. Zanen Poster, Flyer, da Banner

3. Ƙirƙirar zanen riguna (t-shirt design)

4. Katin Shaida, Katin Gaisuwa, Katin Aiki (ID Cards)

5. Zanen murfin littafi

6. Tallace-tallace da zane-zanen kasuwanci

7. Zanen kunshin kaya (product packaging)

Abubuwan CorelDRAW ke da su:

Siffa                              Bayani

🖌️ Vector Editing      Zana layi da siffofi ba tare      da hoton ya lalace ba

🧰 Tools masu ƙarfi      Pen tool, shape tool, text tool da sauransu

🌈 Amfani da launuka Akwai tsarin launi daban-daban (CMYK, RGB)

📁 Save/Export zuwa PDF, PNG, JPG, SVG, EPS   Za ka iya fitar da aikin ka a duk wani tsarin da ake bukata

Shin CorelDRAW yana bukatar kwarewa?

Eh, yana da matakan koyo:

•       Sabon shiga (Beginner): Zai fara koyon amfani da tools da siffofi ne

•       Matsakaici (Intermediate): Shi kuma zai koyi Layering, blending, text effects

•       Kwararre (Advanced): Wannan shi ne yake iya yin ayyuka na kasuwanci, packaging, logos, da sauran su.

Shin ana iya samun shi a waya?

CorelDRAW software ne da ake amfani da shi ne a kwamfuta (PC ko Laptop), ba a samun sa a wayar hannu kai tsaye, sai dai wasu light versions ko viewer apps.

Ataikaice dai shi CorelDRAW: wani Shahararren software ne na ƙirƙirar zane-zane, irin su Logo, banner, flyer, ID cards, packaging, da sauransu, ana amfani da shi ne a      masana’antar bugawa, kasuwanci, makarantu, da sauransu

Karshe